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This is a reference page for the city pairs we get asked about most often. For each pair, we show the IANA zone identifiers, the current standard and daylight offsets, and a short recommendation for the meeting window that tends to work best. The offsets shown reflect 2026 rules; we update this page when zone definitions change.
For the live, current local time of any city, use the main lookup. To search for fair meeting windows between two cities you do not see here, use the Schedule tool.
San Francisco is on America/Los_Angeles (PT, UTC−8 standard / UTC−7 daylight). London is on Europe/London (GMT in winter, BST in summer, UTC+0 / UTC+1). The gap is eight hours in winter, eight hours in summer, with a brief shoulder of seven hours between mid-March (US springs forward) and late March (UK springs forward).
Best window: 08:00 PT / 16:00 BST in summer, 09:00 PT / 17:00 GMT in winter. The London side absorbs the late edge of the working day.
Berlin is on Europe/Berlin (CET / CEST, UTC+1 / UTC+2). The SF–Berlin gap is nine hours in winter and nine hours in summer, with the same March shoulder of eight hours. Best window: 08:00 PT / 17:00 CEST in summer, 09:00 PT / 18:00 CET in winter — Berlin runs into early evening, which most teams accept once or twice a week but not daily.
Paris is on Europe/Paris (CET / CEST), the same offset as Berlin. The SF–Paris recommendation is identical: 08:00 PT / 17:00 in Paris during summer, 09:00 PT / 18:00 in winter.
New York is on America/New_York (EST / EDT, UTC−5 / UTC−4). The NY–London gap is five hours in winter, five hours in summer, with a four-hour shoulder for three weeks in March. Best window for daily standups: 09:00 ET / 14:00 UK in winter, 09:00 ET / 14:00 UK in summer (which is the cleanest US ↔ Europe pair we have to recommend — both sides land squarely in the working day).
All three CET cities sit at UTC+1 / UTC+2. NY–CET gap is six hours in winter, six hours in summer, five hours during the March shoulder. Best window: 09:00 ET / 15:00 CET in winter, 09:00 ET / 15:00 CEST in summer. This is the workhorse window for most US ↔ Europe businesses.
Madrid is on Europe/Madrid (also CET / CEST, surprisingly — Spain's geographic location would suggest GMT, but Spain has been on Central European Time since 1940). Treat NY–Madrid identically to NY–Berlin.
Chicago is on America/Chicago (CST / CDT, UTC−6 / UTC−5). Dublin is on Europe/Dublin (IST / GMT — yes, Ireland's "IST" is Irish Standard Time, UTC+1 in summer; not Indian Standard Time). Six-hour gap year-round outside the shoulder. Best window: 09:00 CT / 15:00 in Dublin during summer, 09:00 CT / 15:00 in winter.
Bengaluru is on Asia/Kolkata (IST, UTC+5:30, no DST). The SF–Bengaluru gap is 13.5 hours in winter and 12.5 hours in summer. There is no fair daytime overlap. Best windows: 07:00 PT / 19:30 IST in summer (or 20:30 IST in winter) for India-evening; or 21:00 PT / 09:30 IST the next day for India-morning. Most teams alternate the two slots in a rotation.
NY–Bengaluru gap is 10.5 hours in winter, 9.5 hours in summer. Best window: 08:00 ET / 18:30 IST in summer, 08:00 ET / 18:30 IST in winter (Bengaluru sits at 18:30 in summer because the US has shifted, narrowing the gap). This is the most workable US ↔ India pair we recommend.
All Indian cities share Asia/Kolkata. The NY–Mumbai relationship is identical to NY–Bengaluru.
Same offset as Bengaluru. Same recommendation: rotate Window A (07:00 PT / 20:30 IST) and Window C (21:00 PT / 09:30 IST) on alternating weeks.
Tokyo is on Asia/Tokyo (JST, UTC+9, no DST). The SF–Tokyo gap is 17 hours in winter, 16 hours in summer — Tokyo is one calendar day ahead during US daytime. Best window: 16:00 PT / 09:00 JST the next day in summer, 17:00 PT / 09:00 JST the next day in winter. The US side runs into late afternoon; Tokyo starts their day with the meeting.
Singapore is on Asia/Singapore (SGT, UTC+8, no DST). SF–Singapore gap is 16 hours in winter, 15 hours in summer. Best window: 17:00 PT / 09:00 SGT next day in summer, 17:00 PT / 09:00 SGT next day in winter — same pattern as Tokyo, one hour earlier in Singapore.
Sydney is on Australia/Sydney (AEDT / AEST, UTC+11 / UTC+10 — Australia's DST runs opposite to the Northern Hemisphere). The SF–Sydney gap is 19 hours in northern winter (when Sydney is on AEDT), 17 hours in northern summer (when Sydney is on AEST). The relationship inverts twice a year. Best window: 14:00 PT / 09:00 AEST next day in northern summer, 13:00 PT / 09:00 AEDT next day in northern winter.
NY–Tokyo gap is 14 hours in winter, 13 hours in summer. Best window: 18:00 ET / 08:00 JST next day in summer, 19:00 ET / 09:00 JST next day in winter. The US side runs into early evening, which is workable but pushes against family hours.
NY–Sydney gap is 16 hours in northern winter, 14 hours in northern summer. The relationship inverts because both sides observe DST in opposite halves of the year. Best window: 17:00 ET / 09:00 AEST next day in northern summer, 17:00 ET / 09:00 AEDT next day in northern winter.
London ↔ Tokyo gap is 9 hours in winter (GMT to JST), 8 hours in summer (BST to JST). Best window: 09:00 GMT / 18:00 JST in winter, 09:00 BST / 17:00 JST in summer. Both sides land within the working day.
Eight-hour gap in winter, seven hours in summer. Best window: 10:00 GMT / 18:00 SGT in winter, 10:00 BST / 17:00 SGT in summer.
Gap is 11 hours in northern winter (UK on GMT, Sydney on AEDT), 9 hours in northern summer (UK on BST, Sydney on AEST). Best window: 08:00 GMT / 19:00 AEDT in northern winter, 08:00 BST / 17:00 AEST in northern summer.
Berlin–Tokyo gap is 8 hours in winter, 7 hours in summer. Best window: 09:00 CET / 17:00 JST in winter, 10:00 CEST / 17:00 JST in summer.
Seven-hour gap in winter, six hours in summer. Best window: 10:00 CET / 17:00 SGT in winter, 11:00 CEST / 17:00 SGT in summer.
Five-and-a-half-hour gap in winter (GMT to IST), four-and-a-half hours in summer (BST to IST). Best window: 09:00 GMT / 14:30 IST in winter, 09:00 BST / 13:30 IST in summer. Both sides comfortably inside their working day — this is the easiest Europe ↔ India pair.
Gap is 4.5 hours in winter (CET to IST), 3.5 hours in summer (CEST to IST). Best window: 09:00 CET / 13:30 IST in winter, 09:00 CEST / 12:30 IST in summer.
Three hours, year-round (both observe DST). Best window: any hour from 09:00 PT (12:00 ET) to 14:00 PT (17:00 ET).
Two hours, year-round. Best window: any hour from 09:00 PT (11:00 CT) to 15:00 PT (17:00 CT).
One hour, year-round. Both observe DST on the same dates, so the gap never shifts. Effectively one zone for scheduling purposes — pick any time during 09:00 to 17:00 in either city.
One hour, year-round (Tokyo at UTC+9, Singapore at UTC+8, neither observes DST). Pick any time during 09:00 to 17:00 in either city.
One hour in northern summer (AEST to JST, UTC+10 to UTC+9), two hours in northern winter (AEDT to JST). Best window: 10:00 AEST / 09:00 JST in summer, 11:00 AEDT / 09:00 JST in winter.
The overlap window is 09:00 PT / 12:00 ET / 17:00 BST in summer (one hour before London end-of-day) or 09:00 PT / 12:00 ET / 17:00 GMT in winter. Use this for transatlantic standups; the West Coast starts their day, the East Coast is mid-morning, London ends their day.
There is no overlap that fits all three in 09:00–17:00 working hours. Closest compromise: 08:00 PT / 16:00 BST / 20:30 IST in summer. The Bengaluru side absorbs the inconvenience; rotate with 21:00 PT / 05:00 BST next day / 09:30 IST next day if you want to share the pain.
Best window: 08:30 ET / 13:30 BST / 18:00 IST in summer, 08:30 ET / 13:30 GMT / 19:00 IST in winter. The Bengaluru side runs into early evening; everyone else is comfortable.
A "Pacific rim" three-region. There is no overlap that respects 09:00–17:00 in all three. Closest: 14:00 PT / 06:00 JST next day / 08:00 AEDT next day. The Tokyo side absorbs the early-morning cost; this is rarely a sustainable recurring meeting.
Best window: 09:00 BST / 13:30 IST / 16:00 SGT in summer, 10:00 GMT / 15:30 IST / 18:00 SGT in winter. Singapore runs to end-of-day in winter; everyone else is in the working day. This is the cleanest "Europe + Asia" three-way we can recommend.
The half-hour offset is real. "9am in India" is not 09:00 UTC plus a whole number of hours — it is 09:00 IST = 03:30 UTC. Memorizing whole-hour conversions for India is a reliable way to be 30 minutes off forever.
St. John's, Newfoundland (America/St_Johns) is on a half-hour offset, like India. It is 30 minutes ahead of the rest of Atlantic Canada. Schedule cross-Canada meetings accordingly.
Tehran (Asia/Tehran) is the third common half-hour zone. Iran observed DST until 2022 and now does not, so the offset is +3:30 year-round.
Kathmandu (Asia/Kathmandu) is one of two zones in the world on a 45-minute offset. The other is the Chatham Islands of New Zealand (UTC+12:45 / UTC+13:45).
Sydney, Melbourne, Hobart, Adelaide, Canberra all observe DST from October to early April — the opposite half of the year from the US and Europe. Brisbane, Perth, and Darwin do not observe DST. So "Australia" is not a single offset; the inland and tropical cities sit at different gaps from the eastern capitals.
Madrid is on CET (UTC+1 / UTC+2), one hour ahead of Lisbon, even though Lisbon is east of Madrid by less than 200 miles geographically. The split dates to 1940; Spain has been on a "wrong" zone for its longitude ever since.
Within North America: Arizona (except the Navajo Nation), Hawaii, and Saskatchewan stay on standard time year-round. So Arizona ↔ California shifts by an hour twice a year even though both are in "the West."
